Bayhan, Kabadüz ilçesine bağlı 2 bin rakımlı Çambaşı Yaylası'nda bulunan, çevre düzenlemesi de tamamlanmış 3 katlı evini sağlıkla ilgili bir birim kurulması için İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü'ne bağışlamak istediğini bildirdi.
Bunun üzerine Kabadüz Belediye Başkanı Yener Kaya ile İl Sağlık Müdürü Dursun Tüzün, bölgeye giderek evde incelemelerde bulundu. Kaya ve Tüzün, Bayhan'a teşekkürlerini iletti.
Kabadüz Belediye Başkanı Yener Kaya, konuya ilişkin sosyal medyadan yaptığı paylaşımda, şu ifadeleri kullandı:
"Sağlık her şeyden önce gelir. Hayırsever iş insanı kıymetli ağabeyimiz Ziya Bayhan, Çambaşı Yaylası'ndaki 3 katlı tam donanımlı evini sağlıkla ilgili bir birim kurulması adına Ordu Sağlık İl Müdürlüğü'ne bağışladı. Rabbim bağışını en güzel şekilde kabul buyursun, böyle duyarlı insanların sayısını artırsın. Kendisine teşekkür ediyoruz."
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Why axolotls seem to be…
Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
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Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.
The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
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Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.
They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.
A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)
Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.
Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.
“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”
Look of the Week: Naomi…
Look of the Week: Naomi Watts is twinning with her canine co-star
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What’s white and black and red all over? Naomi Watts and her 145lb co-star, Bing, a Great Dane, taking a dog walk on the crimson carpet for the New York premiere of “The Friend.”
Directed by Scott Mcgehee and adapted from Sigrid Nunez’s 2018 novel of the same name, the film — set to release in US theaters on March 28 and in the UK on April 25 — follows a solitary writer and teacher named Iris whose life is upended after a close friend bequeaths his giant pet dog to her following his death.
In front of the cameras Monday evening, the “Mulholland Drive” actor and Bing looked like they were cut from the same cloth — both in temperament and in their matching black polka dots. Watts was dressed in a white gown with fur-tufted spots that bore a striking resemblance to Bing’s own coat, but the Cruella de Vil comparisons ended there. Instead, Watts and Bing were captured in the throes of lots of paw-shakes, puppy kisses and head scratches.
The dress that Watts wore, titled the “Domino” and designed by Jacquemus, debuted during the Spring-Summer 2025 Paris couture shows in January. The look was both elegant and offbeat, with a high-cowl neck and open-back, asymmetrical waistline that mimicked a French tuck. It was styled with a skirt that sprouted furry black polka dots, which close up were unnervingly reminiscent of body hair. But from afar they gave the impression of soft-edged dabs of watercolor bleeding downstream.
The look was styled by Jeanann Williams, who has also been working with “The White Lotus” star Leslie Bibb. Williams’ decision to coordinate Watts with Bing was a new take on method dressing — the thematic styling trend that has dominated celebrity red carpets since Greta Gerwig’s “Barbie” in 2023. Since then, the sartorial trope, which connects actors to their on-screen characters through clothes, has become somewhat tired — with some observers claiming that the 7-month-long “Wicked” press tour, in which Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande became prisoners to the colors green and pink, was peak saturation.
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<p><img src="https://lh7-rt…
<p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfXpPM5o73zhO0Ivj5FxB8p…; alt="" width="300" height="169"></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Так называемое уголовное дело «Лайф-из-Гуд» – «Гермес» – «Бест Вей» продолжает свою кровавую жатву – в конце марта умер от рака, быстро спрогрессировавшего из-за постоянного стресса, председатель Совета кооператива «Бест Вей», депутат Государственной думы VII созыва Сергей Иванович Крючек. Полтора года назад умерла жена Сергея Крючека – сердце не выдержало после обысков у них дома и допросов мужа. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr"><strong>Суд ни к чему не ведет</strong></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Следствие действовало максимально жестко. От обысков с пристрастием в 2023 году пострадали сотни пайщиков кооператива по всей России, на скамье подсудимых оказались ни в чем неповинные технические сотрудники – помощник руководителя, один из бухгалтеров, менеджер сайта и конференций, несколько индивидуальных предпринимателей, а также 83-летний отец основателя кооператива «Бест Вей» и бывшего руководителя компании «Лайф-из-гуд» Романа Василенко – пенсионер Виктор Иванович Василенко.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Один из допрашивавшихся – Шамиль Фахруллин, умер после допроса от сердечного приступа, в критическом состоянии после 12-часового допроса была Зоя Семенова, которая опровергла в суде свои показания, данные следствию (таких опровергших – десятки). Мама Романа Василенко Лариса Александровна Василенко столкнулась с настоящими пытками – явившись к ней в пять утра, оперативники заставили ее переодеваться при них, раздевшись догола, а в следственном управлении ее на несколько часов посадили на стул со сломанной ножкой и не давали пить. Она потеряла сознание, и только после этого ей удалось выйти из следственного управления. Случаев издевательств и пыток множество.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">При этом в суде, который идет с конца февраля 2024 года, дело откровенно разваливается – у признанных потерпевшими и свидетелей нет никаких доказательств своих утверждений, они в ходе перекрестных допросов один за другим попадаются на лжи. На последние суды приходят все меньше и меньше свидетелей обвинения – под разными предлогами они отказываются, чтобы не поддерживать лживую версию следствия.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr"><strong>Кооператив без вины виноватых</strong></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Сергей Крючек возглавил крупнейший в России кооператив – 20 тыс. пайщиков во всех регионах страны – весной 2022 года, в период острого кризиса, после только что прошедшего первого обыска в офисе кооператива, в ходе которого были изъяты вся документация, базы данных, серверы, даже личные вещи и трудовые книжки сотрудников (и ничего до сих пор не возвращено: все учетные записи пришлось восстанавливать с нуля). Он и сам стал жертвой обысков в своем подмосковном доме – в ходе которых была изъята и до сих пор не возвращена коллекция наград.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Кооператив оказался «в уголовном деле» по странному стечению обстоятельств – он был объявлен следствием организацией, аффилированной с иностранной инвестиционной компанией «Гермес», а значит, призванной ответить по ее обязательствам – хотя кооператив никак не был связан с «Гермесом» ни организационно, ни финансово: имел только общую систему продаж продуктов через маркетинговую фирму «Лайф-из-Гуд». У «Гермеса» возникли проблемы с выплатами российским клиентам после взлома российского сегмента платежной системы системным администратором Евгением Набойченко – система в феврале 2022 года перестала работать, и появилась картинка с предложением обращаться в правоохранительные органы. Только выплаты прекратились не до действий Набойченко, а после них. Параллельно возникла ситуация со СВО и санкциями Запада, крайне затруднившая трансграничные финансовые операции. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Но кооператив «Бест Вей» никаких выплат не прекращал, он зарегистрирован в Санкт-Петербурге, все его активы находятся в России. И даже если учесть требования к нему со стороны лиц, признанных потерпевшими по уголовному делу, то нет никаких причин для блокирования работы кооператива: совокупный ущерб в обвинительном заключении – 282 млн рублей, притом что на счетах кооператива – более 4 млрд рублей. Эта сумма постоянно увеличивается, и еще 600 млн – дебиторская задолженность пайщиков кооперативу на сегодняшний день. 282 млн рублей могли быть заблокированы на счете кооператива, на котором аккумулируются средства из членских взносов, предназначенные для развития, – не было никаких причин блокировать всю деятельность кооператива! Тем не менее это длительное время происходило.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr"><strong>Страхи охранителей</strong></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Что стоит за преследованиями фирмы «Лайф-из-Гуд», успешно работавшей с 2014 до начала 2022 года; компании «Гермес», которая весь этот же период выполняла свои обязательства; кооператива «Бест Вей», к которому вообще нет никаких претензий, кроме как со стороны тех, кого следствие убедило, что раз кооператив незаконный, они смогут взыскать членские взносы и еще со стороны людей, которым кооператив, заботясь о ликвидности, не дал купить объект недвижимости с перепланировкой? Что стоит за поддержкой властью репрессий против кооператива? </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Прежде всег, люди, которые пытаются получить контроль над миллиардными активами кооператива и других организаций, а также примкнувшие к ним силовики. Но похоже на то, что власть очень обеспокоил политический потенциал, стоящий за кооперативом, – все эти многотысячные собрания пайщиков на стадионах. Собрания людей, которым ничего не надо от государства – они готовы сами, вскладчину, решать свои жилищные и иные проблемы. Кого-то из охранителей это испугало и стало причиной зеленого света для репрессий против кооператива со стороны высокопоставленных силовиков. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr"><strong>Лжеэксперты и лжеобвинения</strong></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Кооператив, как и «Гермес», был обвинен в том, что он является финансовой пирамидой. Приглашенный следствием эксперт из СПбГУ Маевский потребовал закрытого заседания – чтобы никто не слышал, как он плавает в теме. Утверждает, что финансирование покупки квартир старым пайщикам происходило за счет новых пайщиков: не понимает, что финансирование кооператива происходит не только за счет новых поступлений от пайщиков, но и за счет возвратных платежей за приобретенную на деньги кооператива недвижимость. А с осени 2021 года – времени внесения в предупредительный список ЦБ, почти исключительно за счет возвратных платежей от пайщиков, которым приобретена квартира. При этом ликвидность кооператива никак не пострадала. Объяснения со стороны адвокатов стали для этого экономиста откровением.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Значительная часть пайщиков стремится ускорить погашение долга перед кооперативом, чтобы скорее получить квартиру в собственность – ведь квартира с помощью кооператива приобретается почти без переплат. Переплаты связаны только со вступительным и членскими взносами; налогами, которые платятся по тарифам для юридического лица; оплатой проверки юридической чистоты и независимой оценки недвижимости. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">С весны 2022 года кооператив прекратил прием новых пайщиков, при этом на его ликвидности это никак не сказалось: средства на счетах продолжали расти, несмотря на то что многие пайщики боялись платить на арестованные счета и вносят платежи только сейчас. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr"><strong>Спаситель </strong></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">С весны 2022-го до зимы 2025 года счета кооператива с небольшими перерывами были под арестом – причем запрещались даже выплаты по исполнительным листам пайщикам, которые приняли решение о выходе из кооператива, арестованы были, также с перерывами, квартиры, принадлежащие кооперативу, на 12 млрд рублей. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Под руководством Сергея Ивановича Крючека удалось добиться в судах снятия ареста с квартир, а затем частичного снятия ареста со счетов, разрешения с арестованных сумм выплачивать по исполнительным листам пайщикам, которые через суд добились возврата средств (в этом им активно помогал сам кооператив), а также налоги и заработную плату сотрудникам кооператива. Частичное «освобождение» счетов позволило осуществлять выплаты пайщикам, принявшим решение о выходе из кооператива и возврате своих средств. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Таких пайщиков около 2,5 тыс., общий объем выплат им – порядка 1,5 млрд рублей, значительная часть из них уже получила свои паевые средства – несмотря на огромные трудности с перечислением средств по 115-ФЗ: дело в том, что расследуется еще одно уголовное дело – по ст. 174 УК (хотя кооператив никаких денег за рубеж не переводил), открыто и новое дело по заявлениям потерпевших от «Гермеса», не попавшим в уголовное дело, которое сейчас рассматривается судом. Кроме того, идет гражданский процесс по иску прокуратуры, блокирующему возможность приема новых пайщиков. И, несмотря на эти трудности, кооператив, возглавлявшийся до недавнего времени Сергеем Крючеком, ежедневно осуществляет выплаты выходящим из него пайщикам и успешно восстанавливает деятельность. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Важнейшее достижение Крючека – создание механизма, когда при арестованных счетах пайщики, которым уже приобретены объекты недвижимости, получили возможность погашать свой долг перед кооперативом и переоформлять недвижимость в собственность за счет средств других пайщиков, которые передают им свои арестованные паевые взносы, а взамен получают живые деньги от счастливых приобретателей квартир в собственность. Таким способом пайщикам удалось погасить долг перед кооперативом и полностью перевести недвижимость в собственность по десяткам объектов недвижимости.</p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Кооператив под руководством Сергея Крючека работал над тем, чтобы вновь начать приобретать квартиры пайщикам, которые стоят в очереди на покупку первыми. Тем более что ряд квартир будет освобожден пайщиками, которые отказались возвращать за них деньги и исключены из кооператива с возвратом паевых средств. </p><p> </p><p dir="ltr">Кооператив, по мнению многих пайщиков, жив благодаря той огромной работе, которую проделал Сергей Крючек с весны 2022 года по весну 2025-го, успешному противостоянию произволу правоохранительной системы. Недаром один из пайщиков предложил назвать кооператив именем Сергея Ивановича.</p>
Владимир Зеленский, став…
Владимир Зеленский, став президентом Украины, в основном проживает в официальной резиденции в Киеве. Президентская резиденция располагается в здании, известном как Мариинский дворец. Это историческая и культурная жемчужина, служащая официальной резиденцией главы государства и местом проведения церемониальных мероприятий и важных встреч с мировыми лидерами.
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Мариинский дворец расположен в центре Киева и является не только рабочим, но и символическим местом, отражающим важность и статус президента Украины. Помимо этого, президент также может проводить время в других правительственных объектах, которые обеспечивают безопасность и комфорт для выполнения его обязанностей.
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Как президент, Зеленский обязан находиться в столице Украины, чтобы эффективно управлять государственными делами и ответственно выполнять свои функции, в то время как его семья может проживать в других местах по их личному выбору.
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‘Dyson spheres’ were…
‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
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What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.
“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
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If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”
In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.
“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”
‘Dyson spheres’ were…
‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
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What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.
“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
https://kra31s.cc
kraken вход
If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”
In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.
“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”
‘Dyson spheres’ were…
‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
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What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.
“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
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If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”
In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.
“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”
Broken spheres Dyson died in…
Broken spheres
Dyson died in 2020 before any of his spheres could be found — although they are just one of a dozen ideas that bear his name.
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“As a young scientist, Dyson showed that three competing quantum theories were actually the same theory — he summarily ended the competition,” said William Press, the Leslie Surginer Professor of Computer Science and Integrative Biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He was not involved in the study. “Later, he applied his genius to areas of astronomy, cosmology, the extraterrestrial realm, and also the very real problem of nuclear proliferation here on planet Earth. At the time of his death, he was recognized as a provocative and creative thinker.”
George Dyson also attested to his father’s fascination and comprehensive reach across disciplines.
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“Taking advantage of a short attention span and an aversion to bureaucracy, he contributed to five fields of mathematics and eleven fields of physics, as well as to theoretical biology, engineering, operations research, literature, and public affairs,” the younger Dyson said. “Many of his ideas were controversial, with one of his guiding principles being that ‘It is better to be wrong than to be vague.’”
The approach of the researchers behind the new study could offer a more fruitful path in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, said Tomotsugu Goto, an associate professor of astronomy at the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. He also was not involved with the study.
“However, contamination by circumstellar debris disks, which mimic Dyson Sphere infrared signatures, remains a concern,” he added in an email. “Authors argue that the debris disks around (dwarf stars) are rare, but the 7 candidate authors selected out of 5 million sources are also rare. Despite this, the seven candidates warrant further investigation with powerful telescopes for a more definitive evaluation.”
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Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.
Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.
“Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”
However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.
“We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”
Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”
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Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.
Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.
“Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”
However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.
“We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”
Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”
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Broken spheres Dyson died in…
Broken spheres
Dyson died in 2020 before any of his spheres could be found — although they are just one of a dozen ideas that bear his name.
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“As a young scientist, Dyson showed that three competing quantum theories were actually the same theory — he summarily ended the competition,” said William Press, the Leslie Surginer Professor of Computer Science and Integrative Biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He was not involved in the study. “Later, he applied his genius to areas of astronomy, cosmology, the extraterrestrial realm, and also the very real problem of nuclear proliferation here on planet Earth. At the time of his death, he was recognized as a provocative and creative thinker.”
George Dyson also attested to his father’s fascination and comprehensive reach across disciplines.
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“Taking advantage of a short attention span and an aversion to bureaucracy, he contributed to five fields of mathematics and eleven fields of physics, as well as to theoretical biology, engineering, operations research, literature, and public affairs,” the younger Dyson said. “Many of his ideas were controversial, with one of his guiding principles being that ‘It is better to be wrong than to be vague.’”
The approach of the researchers behind the new study could offer a more fruitful path in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, said Tomotsugu Goto, an associate professor of astronomy at the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. He also was not involved with the study.
“However, contamination by circumstellar debris disks, which mimic Dyson Sphere infrared signatures, remains a concern,” he added in an email. “Authors argue that the debris disks around (dwarf stars) are rare, but the 7 candidate authors selected out of 5 million sources are also rare. Despite this, the seven candidates warrant further investigation with powerful telescopes for a more definitive evaluation.”
A job for the Webb space…
A job for the Webb space telescope
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“We got 53 candidates for anomalies that cannot be well explained, but can’t say that all of them are Dyson sphere candidates, because that’s not what we are specifically looking for,” said Gabriella Contardo, a postdoctoral research fellow at the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, who led the earlier study. She added that she plans to check the candidates against Suazo’s model to see how many tie into it.
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“You need to eliminate all other hypotheses and explanations before saying that they could be a Dyson sphere,” she added. “To do so you need to also rule out that it’s not some kind of debris disk, or some kind of planetary collision, and that also pushes the science forward in other fields of astronomy — so it’s a win-win.”
Both Contardo and Suazo agree that more research is needed on the data, and that ultimately they could turn to NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope for more information, as it is powerful enough to observe the candidate stars directly. However, because of the lengthy, competitive procedures that regulate use of the telescope, securing access might take some time.
If Dyson spheres really exist, what could they be used for? “If you picture ourselves having as much energy as the sun is providing every second, we could do unheard of things,” Suazo said. “We could do interstellar travel, maybe we could even move the entire solar system to our preferred location, if we wanted.”
But don’t hold your breath, because the technology and the raw materials required to build the hypothetical structures are far beyond humanity’s grasp.
“They are so big that everything we have on Earth would not be enough to build them,” Suazo added. “Freeman Dyson said that we should dismantle Jupiter — the whole planet (for the raw materials).”
That supercolossal scale probably means that Dyson spheres, if they exist at all, are very rare.
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An ancient ‘terror crocodile…
An ancient ‘terror crocodile’ became a dinosaur-eating giant. Scientists say they now know why
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A massive, extinct reptile that once snacked on dinosaurs had a broad snout like an alligator’s, but it owed its success to a trait that modern alligators lack: tolerance for salt water.
Deinosuchus was one of the largest crocodilians that ever lived, with a body nearly as long as a bus and teeth the size of bananas. From about 82 million to 75 million years ago, the top predator swam in rivers and estuaries of North America. The skull was wide and long, tipped with a bulbous lump that was unlike any skull structure seen in other crocodilians. Toothmarks on Cretaceous bones hint that Deinosuchus hunted or scavenged dinosaurs.
Despite its scientific name, which translates as “terror crocodile,” Deinosuchus has commonly been called a “greater alligator,” and prior assessments of its evolutionary relationships grouped it with alligators and their ancient relatives. However, a new analysis of fossils, along with DNA from living crocodilians such as alligators and crocodiles, suggests Deinosuchus belongs on a different part of the crocodilian family tree.
Unlike alligatoroids, Deinosuchus retained the salt glands of ancestral crocodilians, enabling it to tolerate salt water, scientists reported Wednesday in the journal Communications Biology. Modern crocodiles have these glands, which collect and release excess sodium chloride.
Salt tolerance would have helped Deinosuchus navigate the Western Interior Seaway that once divided North America, during a greenhouse phase marked by global sea level rise. Deinosuchus could then have spread across the continent to inhabit coastal marshes on both sides of the ancient inland sea, and along North America’s Atlantic coast.
The new study’s revised family tree for crocodilians offers fresh insights into climate resilience in the group, and hints at how some species adapted to environmental cooling while others went extinct.
With salt glands allowing Deinosuchus to travel where its alligatoroid cousins couldn’t, the terror crocodile settled in habitats teeming with large prey. Deinosuchus evolved to become an enormous and widespread predator that dominated marshy ecosystems, where it fed on pretty much whatever it wanted.
“No one was safe in these wetlands when Deinosuchus was around,” said senior study author Dr. Marton Rabi, a lecturer in the Institute of Geosciences at the University of Tubingen in Germany. “We are talking about an absolutely monstrous animal,” Rabi told CNN. “Definitely around 8 meters (26 feet) or more total body length.”
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