
Tokat’ın Turhal ilçesinde mezarlıkta bulunan ve bir ilkokul tarafından sahiplenilen ‘Fındık’ adı verilen yavru köpek gençlik hastalığına yakalandı ve geçtiğimiz günlerde hayatını kaybetti. Geç kalındığı zaman ölüm oranı oldukça yüksek olan gençlik hastalığı nedir? İnsanlara bulaşır mı? Tedavisi var mı?
Son derece bulaşıcı bir hastalık olan distemper dünyanın her yerinde görülebilen ve köpekler için ölümcül olabilen bir hastalıktır. Köpeklerde distemper aşılama ile önlenebildiği için dünyada görülme oranı düşmüş olsa da hala hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde aşısız birçok köpek ne yazık ki bu viral hastalık sebebiyle hayatını kaybediyor. Hatta kalabalık ve aşısız köpeklerin bir arada yaşadığı ortamlarda salgınlara da sebep olabiliyor. Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığı bugün hala en ölümcül köpek hastalıklarından biri durumunda.

Köpek gençlik hastalığı nedir?
Ülkemizde köpek gençlik hastalığı olarak bilinen hastalığa canine distemper isimli bir virüs sebep oluyor. Morbillivirus virüs sınıfından bir virüs olan canine distemper insanlarda görülen kabakulak hastalığına neden olan virüsün de akrabasıdır. Distemper köpeklerin yanı sıra nadir de olsa yaban gelinciği, çakal, kokarca, tilki, kurt ve rakun gibi yabani hayvanları da etkileyebilir, gelincik bu virüsün taşıyıcısıdır.

Canine distemper nasıl bulaşır?
Canine distemper virüsü çok kolay bulaşan bir virüstür, bu da bu virüsü daha tehlikeli kılar. Virüs hapşırma, taze idrar, kan, tükürük yoluyla bulaşabilir. Mama ve su kaplarının ortak kullanımı da hastalığın bulaşmasına neden olur. Genç, aşılanmamış yavru köpekler ve aşılanmamış yaşlı köpekler hastalığa karşı daha duyarlı olma eğilimindedir. Ayrıca hamile köpeklerde virüs varsa yavrularına da geçirebilirler.

Köpeklerde distemper belirtileri
Köpeklerde distemper solunum yolu, omurilik, beyin, gastrointestinal sistem de dahil olmak üzere vücutta birçok farklı semptoma sebep olur. Semptomlar değişebilir, ayrıca hastalığın seyri de hafiften ölümcül hastalığa kadar uzanabilir. Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığı belirtileri şunlardır:
- Ateş
- Göz ve burun akıntısı
- İştahsızlık
- İshal
- Kusma
- Öksürük
- Nefes darlığı
- Pati yastıkları ile burnun sertleşmesi
- Gözün çeşitli bölümlerinde iltihap
- İkincil bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar
Distemper hastalığının nörolojik semptomları da vardır, bu semptomlar bazen hiç gelişmeyebilir, bazen çok şiddetli olabilir hatta bazen hastalıktan sonra dahi ortaya çıkabilir. Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığının nörolojik semptomları şunlardır:
- Kas seğirmesi
- Felç
- Nöbetler
- Hareketlerde koordinasyon kaybı
Bağışıklık sistemi zayıf olan köpekler enfekte olduktan 2-5 hafta sonra hayatlarını kaybedebilir.

Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığı tedavisi
Bu ölümcül hastalığın ne yazık ki spesifik bir tedavisi bulunmuyor, yani kesin bir tedavisi yok. Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığı tedavisi hastalık nedeniyle ortaya çıkan ikincil enfeksiyonları tedavi etmek şeklinde uygulanıyor. Ayrıca ishal ve kusma nedeniyle ortaya çıkan sıvı kaybının giderilmeye çalışılması, burnun sürekli temizlenmesi de tedavinin parçasıdır. Elbette hekim elinden geleni yapsa dahi köpek kurtulamayabilir, köpeklerde distemper tedavisi yerine hastalığın önlenmesine odaklanmak hem hayatını köpeklerle paylaşan bizler hem de köpek dostlarımız için çok daha doğrudur.

Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığı nasıl önlenir?
Evet, köpeklerde distemper hastalığı için kesin bir tedavi yolu yok ancak bu hastalığın aşısı var. Yavru köpekler 6 haftalık yani 45 günlük olduklarında distemper ve parvo virüslerine karşı puppy dp aşısı yaptırmak gerekir. Bu köpeklerin gençlik hastalığına karşı ilk aşısıdır, yavru 60 günlük yani iki aylık olduğundaysa ilk karma aşısı yapılır, bu aşıda da yine distemper aşısı vardır. Karma aşıyı her yıl tekrarlamak önemlidir, böylece köpeği yaşam boyu distemper virüsünden korumak mümkündür.

Yetişkin köpekler distemper olmaz algısı yanlış
Gençlik hastalığının adında gençlik geçse de bağışıklık sistemi zayıf her yaştan köpekte bu hastalık görülebilir. Evet, hastalık yavruluk döneminde daha ölümcüldür ama bu köpeklerin yavruluktan sonra kesinlikle bu hastalığa yakalanmayacakları anlamına gelmez, distemper yaşlı köpeklerde de ölüme yol açabilme potansiyeli taşır. Dolayısıyla “köpeğim nasılsa büyüdü karma aşı yaptırmama gerek yok” düşüncesi kesinlikle doğru değildir, ayrıca karma aşı distemper dışında başka birçok ciddi hastalığa karşı da koruyucudur.
Köpek Gençlik Hastalığı İnsana ve Çocuğa Geçer mi?
Bu hastalık köpek familyasına ait olmakla birlikte insana bulaşıcılığı bildirilmemiştir.
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